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(#) Unspecified `android:exported` in manifest

!!! WARNING: Unspecified `android:exported` in manifest
   This is a warning.

Id
:   `IntentFilterExportedReceiver`
Summary
:   Unspecified `android:exported` in manifest
Severity
:   Warning
Category
:   Security
Platform
:   Android
Vendor
:   Android Open Source Project
Feedback
:   https://issuetracker.google.com/issues/new?component=192708
Since
:   7.2.0 (May 2022)
Affects
:   Manifest files
Editing
:   This check runs on the fly in the IDE editor
See
:   https://goo.gle/IntentFilterExportedReceiver
Implementation
:   [Source Code](https://cs.android.com/android-studio/platform/tools/base/+/mirror-goog-studio-main:lint/libs/lint-checks/src/main/java/com/android/tools/lint/checks/ExportedFlagDetector.kt)
Tests
:   [Source Code](https://cs.android.com/android-studio/platform/tools/base/+/mirror-goog-studio-main:lint/libs/lint-tests/src/test/java/com/android/tools/lint/checks/ExportedFlagDetectorTest.kt)

Apps targeting Android 12 and higher are required to specify an explicit
value for `android:exported` when the corresponding component has an
intent filter defined. Otherwise, installation will fail. Set it to
`true` to make this activity accessible to other apps, and `false` to
limit it to be used only by this app or the OS. For launch activities,
this should be set to true; otherwise, the app will fail to launch.

Previously, `android:exported` for components without any intent filters
present used to default to `false`, and when intent filters were
present, the default was `true`. Defaults which change value based on
other values are confusing and lead to apps accidentally exporting
components as a side-effect of adding intent filters. This is a security
risk, and we have made this change to avoid introducing accidental
vulnerabilities.

While the default without intent filters remains unchanged, it is now
required to explicitly specify a value when intent filters are present.
Any app failing to meet this requirement will fail to install on any
Android version after Android 11.

We recommend setting `android:exported` to false (even on previous
versions of Android prior to this requirement) unless you have a good
reason to export a particular component.

!!! Tip
   This lint check has an associated quickfix available in the IDE.

(##) Example

Here is an example of lint warnings produced by this check:
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~text
AndroidManifest.xml:7:Warning: As of Android 12, android:exported must
be set; use true to make the activity available to other apps, and false
otherwise. [IntentFilterExportedReceiver]
    &lt;receiver android:name="com.google.android.c2dm.C2DMBroadcastReceiver"&gt;
     --------
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Here is the source file referenced above:

`AndroidManifest.xml`:
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~xml linenumbers
&lt;manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    package="test.pkg"&gt;
    &lt;uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion="30"/&gt;
    &lt;application
        android:icon="@drawable/ic_launcher"
        android:label="@string/app_name" &gt;
        &lt;receiver android:name="com.google.android.c2dm.C2DMBroadcastReceiver"&gt;
          &lt;intent-filter&gt;
            &lt;action android:name="com.google.android.c2dm.intent.RECEIVE"/&gt;
            &lt;action android:name="com.google.android.c2dm.intent.REGISTRATION"/&gt;
        &lt;/intent-filter&gt;
        &lt;/receiver&gt;
    &lt;/application&gt;
&lt;/manifest&gt;
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

You can also visit the
[source code](https://cs.android.com/android-studio/platform/tools/base/+/mirror-goog-studio-main:lint/libs/lint-tests/src/test/java/com/android/tools/lint/checks/ExportedFlagDetectorTest.kt)
for the unit tests for this check to see additional scenarios.

The above example was automatically extracted from the first unit test
found for this lint check, `ExportedFlagDetector.testNoExportReceiver`.
To report a problem with this extracted sample, visit
https://issuetracker.google.com/issues/new?component=192708.

(##) Suppressing

You can suppress false positives using one of the following mechanisms:

* Adding the suppression attribute
  `tools:ignore="IntentFilterExportedReceiver"` on the problematic XML
  element (or one of its enclosing elements). You may also need to add
  the following namespace declaration on the root element in the XML
  file if it's not already there:
  `xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"`.

  ```xml
  &lt;?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?&gt;
  &lt;manifest xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"&gt;
      ...
      &lt;activity tools:ignore="IntentFilterExportedReceiver" .../&gt;
    ...
  &lt;/manifest&gt;
  ```

* Using a special `lint.xml` file in the source tree which turns off
  the check in that folder and any sub folder. A simple file might look
  like this:
  ```xml
  &lt;?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?&gt;
  &lt;lint&gt;
      &lt;issue id="IntentFilterExportedReceiver" severity="ignore" /&gt;
  &lt;/lint&gt;
  ```
  Instead of `ignore` you can also change the severity here, for
  example from `error` to `warning`. You can find additional
  documentation on how to filter issues by path, regular expression and
  so on
  [here](https://googlesamples.github.io/android-custom-lint-rules/usage/lintxml.md.html).

* In Gradle projects, using the DSL syntax to configure lint. For
  example, you can use something like
  ```gradle
  lintOptions {
      disable 'IntentFilterExportedReceiver'
  }
  ```
  In Android projects this should be nested inside an `android { }`
  block.

* For manual invocations of `lint`, using the `--ignore` flag:
  ```
  $ lint --ignore IntentFilterExportedReceiver ...`
  ```

* Last, but not least, using baselines, as discussed
  [here](https://googlesamples.github.io/android-custom-lint-rules/usage/baselines.md.html).

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